Health and economic impact of the correct diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in Spain.

Objective: To estimate the health and economic impact of the reduction in mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations, associated with correct diagnosis of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR-CM), from the Spanish National Health System (NHS) perspective.Methods: A costs and effects analysis were performed (probabilistic Markov model) with time horizons between 1 and 15 years, comparing the correct diagnosis of ATTR-CM versus the non-diagnosis. Transition probabilities were obtained from the ATTR-ACT study (placebo arm) and from the literature. Costs and healthcare resources were obtained from Spanish sources (€ 2019) and from a panel of Spanish clinical experts.Results: After 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, the diagnosis of ATTR-CM would generate a gain of 0.031 (95%CI 0.025; 0.038); 0.387 (95%CI 0.329; 0.435); 0.754 (95%CI 0.678; 0.781) and 0.944 (95%CI 0.905; 0.983) life years per patient, respectively, with savings of € 212 (95%CI € -632; 633), € 2,289 (95%CI € 2,250; 2,517), € 2,859 (95%CI € 2,584; 3,149) and € 2,906 (95%CI € 2,669; 3,450) per patient, respectively, versus the non-diagnosis.Conclusions: Just by correctly diagnosing ATTR-CM, years of life would be gained, cardiovascular hospitalizations would be avoided, and savings would be generated for the NHS, compared to the non-diagnosis of the disease.

[Cross-speciality geriatrics: A health-care challenge for the 21st century]. / Geriatría transversal. Un reto asistencial para el siglo xxi.

Increasing numbers of older persons are being treated by specialties other than Geriatric Medicine. Specialists turn to Geriatric Teams when they need to accurately stratify their patients' risk and prognosis, predict the potential impact of their, often, invasive interventions, optimise their clinical status, and contribute to discharge planning. Oncology and Haematology, Cardiology, General Surgery, and other surgical departments are examples where such collaborative working is already established, to a varying extent. The use of the term "Cross-speciality Geriatrics" is suggested when geriatric care is provided in clinical areas traditionally outside the reach of Geriatric Teams. The core principles of Geriatric Medicine (comprehensive geriatric assessment, patient-centred multidisciplinary targeted interventions, and input at point-of-care) are adapted to the specifics of each specialty and applied to frail older patients in order to deliver a holistic assessment/treatment, better patient/carer experience, and improved clinical outcomes. Using Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment methodology and Frailty scoring in such patients provides invaluable prognostic information, helps in decision making, and enables personalised treatment strategies. There is evidence that such an approach improves the efficiency of health care systems and patient outcomes. This article includes a review of these concepts, describes existing models of care, presents the most commonly used clinical tools, and offers examples of excellence in this new era of geriatric care. In an ever ageing population it is likely that teams will be asked to provide Cross-specialty Geriatrics across different Health Care systems. The fundamentals for its implementation are in place, but further evidence is required to guide future development and consolidation, making it one of the most important challenges for Geriatrics in the coming years.

Planning to reduce 30-day adverse events after discharge of frail elderly patients with acute heart failure: design and rationale for the DEED FRAIL-AHF trial. / Planificación del alta desde urgencias para reducir eventos adversos a 30 días en pacientes mayores frágiles con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda: diseño y justificación del ensayo clínico DEED FRAIL-AHF.

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the efficacy of a system for comprehensive care transfer (Multilevel Guided Discharge Plan [MGDP]) for frail older patients diagnosed with acute heart failure (AHF) and to validate the results of MGDP implementation under real clinical conditions. The MGDP seeks to reduce the number of adverse outcomes within 30 days of emergency department (ED) discharge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We will enroll frail patients over the age of 70 years discharged home from the ED with a main diagnosis of AHF. The MGDP includes the following components: 1) a checklist of clinical recommendations and resource activations, 2) scheduling of an early follow-up visit, 3) transfer of information to the primary care doctor, and 4) written instructions for the patient. Phase 1 of the study will be a matched-pair cluster-randomized controlled trial. Ten EDs will be randomly assigned to the intervention group and 10 to the control group. Each group will enroll 480 patients, and the outcomes will be compared between groups. Phase 2 will be a quasi-experimental study of the intervention in 300 new patients enrolled by the same 20 EDs. The outcomes will be compared to those for each Phase-1 group. The main endpoint at 30 days will be a composite of 2 outcomes: revisits to an ED and/for hospitalization for AHF or cardiovascular death. CONCLUSION: The study will assess the efficacy and feasibility of comprehensive MGDP transfer of care for frail older AHF patients discharged home.

OBJETIVO: Demostrar la eficacia de una intervención integral en la transición de cuidados (Plan de Alta Guiado Multinivel, PAGM) para disminuir eventos adversos a 30 días en ancianos frágiles con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) dados de alta desde servicios de urgencias (SU) y validar los resultados de dicha intervención en condiciones reales. METODO: Se seleccionarán pacientes 70 años frágiles con diagnóstico principal de ICA dados del alta a su domicilio desde SU. La intervención consistirá en aplicar un PAGM: 1) lista de verificación sobre recomendaciones clínicas y activación de recursos; 2) programación de visita precoz; 3) transmisión de información a atención primaria; 4) hoja de instrucciones al paciente por escrito. Fase 1: ensayo clínico con asignación al azar por conglomerados emparejado. Se asignará de forma aleatoria 10 SU (N = 480) al grupo de intervención y 10 SU (N = 480) al grupo de control. Se compararán los resultados entre grupo de intervención y control. Fase 2: estudio cuasi-experimental. Se realizará la intervención en los 20 SU (N = 300). Se comparará los resultados entre la fase 1 y 2 del grupo de intervención y entre la fase 1 y 2 del grupo de control. La variable principal de resultado es compuesta (revisita a urgencias u hospitalización por ICA o mortalidad de origen cardiovascular) a los 30 días del alta. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio valorará la eficacia y factibilidad de una intervención integral en la transición de cuidados para reducir resultados adversos a 30 días en ancianos frágiles con ICA dados de alta desde los SU.

Respuesta: Toxicidad por el «agua de chocho» / Reply: Toxicity by “chocho agua”

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